1. "From Chaos to Clarity with Null Patterns and Results"

Using record or empty parameters is simpler for cases without complex behavior. However, the Null Object Pattern provides consistent, reusable behavior for default states. The var customer = GetCustomer() ?? new NullCustomer(); isn’t just syntactic sugar—it enforces a design where "null" has explicit behavior.

2. "Making Failure Explicit"

You’re correct about redundant null checks outside Result. This can be avoided by enhancing the Result type to handle null values directly, ensuring the pattern simplifies rather than complicates logic.

3. "Combining Null Patterns and Results"

The second null check (result.Value ?? new NullCustomer()) could indeed be redundant if Result guarantees non-null values on success. This can be improved by refining the contract of Result to eliminate such ambiguity.

Thank you for pointing these out—your insights are valuable for refining these patterns!